Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is defined as compression of the median nerve. The median nerve – which is situated in the tunnel within the carpal bones (wrist) – provides sensation to the palm of the hand, thumb, index, middle and ring finger, but not to the little finger. The nerve is protected by the eight carpal bones and a band of ligaments. However, when pressure increases in the tunnel, the sensory nerve fibers within the median nerve, which are quite sensitive to ischemia (deprivation of blood supply), can cause tingling and numbness in the hand. In more severe cases, when the motor nerve fibers – also within the median nerve – are compressed, weakness of the hand can develop. 

Repetitive motion seems to be an important factor in the development of CTS because the act of extending and flexing the wrist increases pressure on the carpal tunnel. Pregnancy, taking birth control pills or hormones increase the risk, as well as diabetes, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis.

Although many patients have undergone surgery to release the compression of the nerve, the positive long-term results have been minimal, secondary to scar tissue formation or a recurrence of the condition. 

Acupuncture has been shown to be a highly effective adjunct treatment for CTS. Acupuncture can significantly reduce the pain and inflammation associated with CTS, and positive long-term results have been documented. This reduction in pain and inflammation allows for increased mobility and range of motion, as well as a shorter recovery time. 

Physical therapy also has been shown to be effective in the treatment of CTS for many reasons. Modalities may be used for pain relief, followed by mobilization of the joints and stretching techniques to decrease the nerve compression. Physical therapy is also useful in patient education of the condition and modification of the workplace environment to prevent recurrence.